Pocket gophers, often referred to simply as gophers, are elusive rodents known for their subterranean lifestyle and nocturnal feeding habits. These small, burrowing animals can be both fascinating and problematic for gardeners and landscapers. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the behavior of pocket gophers, their impact on your landscape, and effective strategies for managing their presence.
Understanding Pocket Gophers
What Are Pocket Gophers?
Pocket gophers (family Geomyidae) are burrowing rodents native to North and Central America. They are characterized by their large, spade-like front claws, which are adapted for digging. Pocket gophers have small eyes and ears, and they rely on their strong sense of touch and smell to navigate their underground tunnels.
Physical Characteristics
- Size: Pocket gophers typically measure between 6 to 14 inches in length, including their tail.
- Appearance: They have fur-covered bodies, with small eyes and ears, and large, protruding incisor teeth that are used for digging and feeding.
- Tail: Their tails are relatively short and often used for balance when digging.
Nocturnal Behavior
Feeding Habits
Pocket gophers are primarily nocturnal feeders. They are most active during the early morning and late evening, which helps them avoid predators and the heat of the day. Their diet consists mainly of roots, tubers, and other underground plant parts. They use their strong claws to dig up plants and pull them underground to consume them.
Burrowing Activity
Pocket gophers are known for their extensive burrow systems. These underground networks serve as both feeding grounds and homes. The burrows can extend several feet underground and are often lined with a network of tunnels. The gophers create mounds of soil at the surface, known as “gopher mounds,” as they excavate their tunnels. These mounds can be unsightly and disrupt the appearance of lawns and gardens.
Signs of Infestation
- Surface Mounds: Look for small, crescent-shaped mounds of dirt in your yard or garden.
- Damaged Plants: Check for plants with damaged roots or signs of underground feeding.
- Tunnels: Visible surface tunnels or burrow openings can indicate gopher activity.
Managing Pocket Gophers
Preventive Measures
- Barrier Systems: Installing underground barriers or fencing around garden beds can help prevent gophers from entering.
- Garden Layout: Avoid planting susceptible crops near known gopher activity. Use plants that are less attractive to them or resistant to damage.
Control Methods
- Trapping: Using live traps or lethal traps specifically designed for gophers can be an effective way to manage their population.
- Baiting: Poison baits can be used, but they should be handled with care to avoid harming non-target animals and pets.
- Natural Predators: Encouraging natural predators, such as owls and snakes, can help keep gopher populations in check.
Professional Help
For severe infestations or persistent problems, consulting a pest control professional may be necessary. They can provide more targeted solutions and help manage gopher populations effectively.
Conclusion
Pocket gophers, with their nocturnal feeding habits and extensive burrowing, can be both intriguing and troublesome. Understanding their behavior and implementing effective management strategies can help minimize their impact on your garden or landscape. By recognizing the signs of infestation and using appropriate control methods, you can protect your outdoor spaces from these nocturnal nibblers.
